Dr. Stefan Krebs
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Faculty or Centre | Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History | ||||
Department | Public History and Outreach | ||||
Postal Address |
Université du Luxembourg Maison des Sciences Humaines 11, Porte des Sciences L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette |
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Campus Office | MSH, E04 25-370 | ||||
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Telephone | (+352) 46 66 44 9377 | ||||
Stefan Krebs is Assistant Professor for Contemporary History at the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C²DH). He studied history, political science and philosophy at the universities Aachen and Aix-en-Provence. He received his PhD in the history of technology from RWTH Aachen University. As postdoc, Stefan Krebs worked in projects on the cultural history of car sound design (Eindhoven University of Technology); listening practices of engineers, scientists and physicians (Maastricht University); and the innovation history of Kunstkopf stereophony (University of Luxembourg). He is author of Technikwissenschaft als soziale Praxis [Engineering Science as Social Practice]. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2009; and (together with Karin Bijsterveld, Eefje Cleophas and Gijs Mom) Sound and Safe: A History of Listening Behind the Wheel. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
In 2015 he received the Maurice Daumas prize of the International Committee for the History of Technology (ICOHTEC) for his article “Dial Gauge versus Senses 1–0”: German Auto Mechanics and the Introduction of New Diagnostic Equipment, 1950–1980. Technology and Culture 55, 2 (2014): 354–389.
Research Interests:
- History of Science and Technology
- Sound Studies
- Sensory Studies
- History of Sound Recording
Visit also my Academia profile.
Last updated on: Wednesday, 07 November 2018
EDUCATION AND DEGREES
- 02/2008, PhD in History of Technology, RWTH Aachen University, PhD thesis Genesis and Structure of a Field of Engineering Science: On the Struggle of Aachen’s Ferrous Metallurgy for Power and Autonomy 1870–1914 (summa cum laude)
- 11/2000, Magister Artium in History, Political Science and Philosophy, RWTH Aachen University, MA thesis Slave labour in Stolberg/Rhld. 1939–1944 (with distinction)
- 1996–1997, Université Aix-Marseille, Study of History
- 1992–2000, RWTH Aachen University, Study of History, Political Science and Philosophy
WORK EXPERIENCE
- since April 2015, Postdoctoral Researcher in the FNR funded research project Failure and Success of Dummy Head Recording: An Innovation History of 3D Listening, Laboratoire d'Histoire at the University of Luxembourg
- 2014–2015, Free Research Associate at the Chair for Modern Social, Economic and Technological History at the Helmut-Schmidt-University, Hamburg, project Production Engineering between Oil Crisis, Globalization and Production Strategies for High Wage Countries
- 2011–2014, Postdoctoral Researcher in the NWO funded project Sonic Skills: Sound and Listening in the Development of Science, Technology and Medicine, 1920-now, Department for Technology & Society Studies, Maastricht University
- 2009–2010, Teaching Replacement of Gijs Mom, Associate Professor for Technology & Mobility Studies, School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology
- 2008–2011, Postdoctoral Researcher in the NWO funded project Selling Sound: The Standardization of Sound in the European Car Industry and the Hidden Integration of Europe, School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology
- 2008, Assistant Professor, Institute for the History of Technology, RWTH Aachen University
- 2002–2008, Teaching Assistant, Institute for the History of Technology, RWTH Aachen University, PhD project Engineering Science as Social Practice
- 2001–2002, PhD Researcher, Chair for Contemporary History, RWTH Aachen University, research project Memory Culture of Academic Institutions
SCHOLARSHIPS, GRANTS AND PRIZES
- “Best Special Issue” award 2014 of the Council of Editors of Learned Journals (contribution to the prize-winning “Shifting Gears”-issue of Technology and Culture)
- AFR PDR Grant of the Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, project “Failure and Success of Dummy Head Recording: An Innovation History of 3D Listening” (114.000 EUR)
- “Production Engineering between Oil Crisis, Globalization and Production Strategies for High Wage Countries”, Pilot Study for the German Academic Society for Production Engineering (WGP) (co-applicant, 30.000 EUR)
- Scholar-in-Residence fellowship of the Deutsches Museum Munich, project “Ohren verpflanzt“ – Hörpraktiken von Ingenieuren und Technikern am Beispiel des Kunstkopfes, 2013 (7.500 EUR)
- Travel Grant of the German Science Foundation (DFG) to invite the Keynote Speaker Joy Parr to the Annual Conference of the German Society for the History of Technology (GTG), 2013 (co-applicant, 1.620 EUR)
- Citation of honor as finalist in the competition for the Young Scholars Award by the German Society for the History of Medicine, Science & Technology (DGGMNT), 2009
- PhD thesis awarded Borchers Medal of the RWTH Aachen University, 2009
- Publication grant for my dissertation by proRWTH (1.100 EUR)
- Teaching Fund of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 2008 (co-applicant, 3.500 EUR)
- Teaching Fund of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 2007 (co-applicant, 3.200 EUR)
- PhD thesis awarded “summa cum laude”, 2007
- Two year PhD fellowship of North Rhine-Westphalia, 2001/02 (600 EUR/month)
- MA thesis awarded “with distinction”, 2000
OTHER ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
- Referee for NTM – Geschichte und Ethik der Naturwissenschaften, Technik und Medizin; Science, Technology & Human Values; Transfers – Interdisciplinary Journal of Mobility Studies; VIEW – Journal of European Television History and Culture; University of Illinois Press; Oxford University Press
- Webmaster of the Laboratoire d'Histoire, Luxembourg University, 2015-
- Member of the Programme Committee of the German Society for the History of Technology (GTG), 2009–2011, 2013
- Member ICT Committee, Maastricht University, 2012/2013
- Editor of the German Society for the History of Medicine, Science and Technology (DGGMNT), since 2010
- Founding member of the working group “The Future of Labor”, Forum Technology and Society, RWTH Aachen University, 2006–2008
- Member Planning Committee BA Technik–Kommunikation, RWTH Aachen University, 2006–2008
- Study Advisor for the Magister Artium programme Technik–Kommunikation with specialization in Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 2004–2008
- Study Advisor for all Teacher Training programmes in Electrical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 2004–2008
- Webmaster & ICT Coordinator, Chair for the History of Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 2002–2008
- Webmaster, Department of History, RWTH Aachen University, 1998–2001
MEMBERSHIPS
- 2013–now, International Committee for the History of Technology (ICOHTEC)
- 2012–now, GTG-Working Group “History of Production Engineering”
- 2012–now, European Sound Studies Association (ESSA)
- 2010–2012, Society for the Social Studies of Science (4S)
- 2009–now, Tensions of Europe
- 2008–now, Society for the History of Technology (SHOT)
- 2008–now, German Society for the History of Medicine, Science and Technology (DGGMNT)
- 2004–now, German Society for the History of Technology (GTG)
- 2005–2008, Forum Technology and Society, RWTH Aachen University
Last updated on: 27 May 2015
"Failure and Success of Dummy Head Recording: An Innovation History of 3D Listening"
FNR AFR PDR project (April 2015 - March 2017)
The history of dummy head technology, i.e. the use of an artificial head for binaural sound recording, is a story of high hopes, disappointments, and late success. Presented at the Berlin International Radio and Television Fair in 1973 and praised for its true to the original sound event “super-stereo”-quality, contemporaneous commentators expected that the new technology would revolutionize radio and music recording. However, by the end of the decade, it was considered a failed innovation. Then, in the late 1980s, dummy head technology started a second career as a measurement instrument in acoustical engineering. These two very different trajectories of dummy head technology are interesting examples of the ruptures and discontinuities in the development of a sound technology. These ruptures reveal a multiplicity of listening practices and habits which would otherwise be hidden in non-discursive practices. The failed establishment of dummy head use in radio and music recording helps to reveal the historical specificity and plurality of “listening positions” of recording engineers, electrical engineers, radio makers, and radio listeners.
As an analytical framework I will use insights from innovation study literature on path dependencies. More precisely, I will look into institutional, technological, medial, and socio-cultural path dependencies that hampered or enabled the success of dummy head recording in the two fields of application. I will argue that socio-cultural path dependencies in music recording played a crucial role in the failed acceptance of the dummy head microphone in radio and music recording, as well as in the successful introduction of the dummy head as a measuring device in technical acoustics. To show this I will use the “aural thinking” (Susan Schmidt Horning) of acoustical engineers, recording engineers, and radio makers. I will further argue that new ways of listening and envisioning sound evolved around the new sound technology of dummy head recording: an intriguing example of the co-construction of sound technologies and listening practices. The research project has thus two main objectives: it will help to better understand the various conditions for technical innovation in the media industry. I argue that studying the path dependencies of a sound technology like dummy head recording will enhance our insight into innovation processes in the media industry and can e.g. help to understand the frictions and complexities in the introduction of 3D-cinema. Secondly, the project will furthermore provide insights into (professional) listening practices and thus contribute to a more general understanding of the nature and historical situatedness of aural thinking. The case of dummy head technology is of particular interest here as it represented a crucial episode in our general understanding of human spatial hearing.
Last updated on: 27 May 2015

In press
2022

Conference given outside the academic context (2022)

Presentation (2022, October 26)

Scientific Conference (2022, September 15)

Scientific Conference (2022, February 24)

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in Bernasconi, Gianenrico; Carnino, Guillaume; Hilaire-Pérez, Liliane; Raveux, Olivier (Eds.) Les Réparations dans l’Histoire. Cultures techniques et savoir-faire dans la longue durée (2022)

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Scientific Conference (2022, February 24)

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in Arch + (2022), (250), 9097

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in Roether, Diemut; Sarkowicz, Hans; Zimmermann, Clemens (Eds.) 100 Jahre Radio in Deutschland (2022)

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in Technology and Culture (2022), 63(2), 483-493

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in Paedagogica Historica (2022), 58(5), 781-801
2021

in Technology and Culture (2021), 62(4), 12561258

in Krebs, Stefan; Weber, Heike (Eds.) The Persistence of Technology: Histories of Repair, Reuse and Disposal (2021)

in Hemecht: Zeitschrift für Luxemburger Geschichte (2021), 73(4), 496498

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in Dörfling, Christina; Jost, Christofer; Pfleiderer, Martin (Eds.) Musikobjektgeschichten: Populäre Musik und materielle Kultur (2021)

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Scientific Conference (2021, September 03)

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in TU: Zeitschrift für Technik im Unterricht (2021), 46(2), 5-13

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in TU: Zeitschrift für Technik im Unterricht (2021), 46(3), 5-13

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Book published by Transcript (2021)

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in Krebs, Stefan; Weber, Heike (Eds.) The Persistence of Technology: Histories of Repair, Reuse and Disposal (2021)

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in Krebs, Stefan; Weber, Heike (Eds.) The Persistence of Technology: Histories of Repair, Reuse and Disposal (2021)
2020

in Heßler, Martina; Liggieri, Kevin (Eds.) Technikanthropologie: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Studium (2020)

in Heßler, Martina (Ed.) Technikemotionen (2020)

in H-Soz-Kult: Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften (2020)
2019

Scientific Conference (2019)

in Hemecht: Zeitschrift für Luxemburger Geschichte (2019), 71(2), 246-247

Scientific Conference (2019)

Scientific Conference (2019)
2018

Scientific Conference (2018)

Scientific Conference (2018)

Scientific Conference (2018)

Scientific Conference (2018)

Conference given outside the academic context (2018)

in Technikgeschichte (2018), 85(3), 235-236

in Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte (2018), 63(1), 180-181

in Morat, Daniel; Ziemer, Hansjakob (Eds.) Handbuch Sound: Geschichte – Begriffe – Ansätze (2018)

in Technikgeschichte (2018), 85(2), 136

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in Krebs, Stefan; Schabacher, Gabriele; Weber, Heike (Eds.) Kulturen des Reparierens: Dinge - Wissen - Praktiken (2018)
2017

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in Fickers, Andreas; Haude, Rüdiger; Krebs, Stefan; Tschacher, Werner (Eds.) Jeux sans Frontières? - Grenzgänge der Geschichtswissenschaft (2017)

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Book published by transcript (2017)

in The Senses and Society (2017), 12(1), 35-52

Conference given outside the academic context (2017)

Scientific Conference (2017)

in Hemecht : Zeitschrift für Luxemburger Geschichte = Revue d'Histoire Luxembourgeoise (2017), 69(3/4), 472-474

in Icon: Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology (2017), 23

in Fickers, Andreas; Haude, Rüdiger; Krebs, Stefan; Tschacher, Werner (Eds.) Jeux sans Frontières? - Grenzgänge der Geschichtswissenschaft (2017)

in LWL-Freilichtmuseum Hagen (Ed.) Läuft wieder! Zu Besuch in einer Kfz-Werkstatt der 1960er-Jahre (2017)
2016

in Sound Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal (2016), 2(1), 93-95

in Pohle, Frank; Kroll, Myriam (Eds.) Vom fauchenden Fafnir zum Fahrzeug der Zukunft – Aachen und das Auto (2016)
2015

in Technikgeschichte (2015), 82(1), 3-9

in Icon: Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology (2015), 21

in ISIS: Journal of the History of Science in Society (2015), 106(1), 206-207
2014

in Ferrum: Nachrichten aus der Eisenbibliothek (2014), 86

in Lengersdorff, Diana; Wieser, Matthias (Eds.) Schlüsselwerke der Science & Technology Studies (2014)

in Technology and Culture (2014), 55(2), 354-389

in Technology and Culture (2014), 55(1), 273-274

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Book published by Oxford University Press (2014)

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in Icon: Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology (2014), 20(2), 92-114
2013

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in Franinovic, Karmen; Serafin, Stefania (Eds.) Sonic Interaction Design (2013)

in Gleitsmann, Rolf-Jürgen; Wittmann, Jürgen (Eds.) Innovationskulturen um das Automobil : Von gestern bis morgen (2013)

in Technikgeschichte (2013), 80(4), 333-334
2012

in Pinch, Trevor; Bijsterveld, Karin (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies (2012)

in Technikgeschichte (2012), 79(3), 185206

in History and Technology (2012), 28(1), 25-47

in Schoon, Andi; Volmar, Axel (Eds.) Das geschulte Ohr : Eine Kulturgeschichte der Sonifikation (2012)

in Icon: Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology (2012), 18
2011

in Transfers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Mobility Studies (2011), 1(3), 64-89

in Norton, Peter; Mom, Gijs; Millward, Liz; Flonneau, Mathieu (Eds.) Mobility in History : Reviews and Reflections (2011)
2010

in Technikgeschichte (2010)

in NTM (2010), 18(1), 29-60

in Technology and Culture (2010), 55(3), 765-766

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in Maier, Helmut; Zilt, Andreas; Rasch, Manfred (Eds.) 150 Jahre Stahlinstitut VDEh 1860-2010 (2010)

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in Dinckal, Noyan; Dipper, Christof; Mares, Detlev (Eds.) Selbstmobilisierung der Wissenschaft : Technische Hochschulen zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus (2010)
2009

in Rasch, Manfred; Maas, Jacques (Eds.) Das Thomas-Verfahren in Europa. Entstehung – Entwicklung – Ende (2009)

Book published by Franz steiner Verlag (2009)

in Icon: Journal of the International Committee for the History of Technology (2009), 15

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in Geschichte im Westen (2009), 24
2008

in H-Soz-Kult: Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften (2008)

in Cepl-Kaufmann, Gertrude; Groß, Dominik; Mölich, Georg (Eds.) Wissenschaftsgeschichte im Rheinland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Raumkonzepten (2008)
2007

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in Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte (2007), 9

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in Heil, Reinhard (Ed.) Tensions and Convergences : Technological and Aesthetic Transformations of Society (2007)

in Wechselwirkungen (2007), 29

in Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte (2007), 30(3), 215-229

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in Zeitschrift des Aachener Geschichtsvereins. Aachener Geschichtsverein (2007), 109

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in Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Unterricht (2007), 58(3), 163-173
2006

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in Moderne. Kulturwissenschaftliches Jahrbuch (2006), 2

in International Review of Information Ethics (2006), 6
2005

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in Technikgeschichte (2005), 72(3), 227-241